Type-writing machine.



No. 706,640. Patented Aug. I2, 1902.

E. B. cam.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Applicltion filed. Apr. 27, 1901.)

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No. 706,640. Patentd Aug. 12, I902.

E. B. CRAM.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application filed Apr. 27, 1901.) (N0 Model.) 3 Shaets$hoat 2i.

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Patented Aug. 12, 1902' E. B. GRAN.

.TYPE WBlTlNG MACHINE.

(Applicltion filed. Apr. 37, 1901-) 3 Shuu ts$heet 3.

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UNIT D STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

EDWIN B. ORAM, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO WVYOKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF 1 NEW YORK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SIEECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 706,640, dated August 12, 1902.

Application filed April 27,1901. Serial No. 57,767. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN B. ORAM, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to type-actions'for writing-machines; and one of the principal objects is to produce a'full-keyboard frontstrike machine, or one in which a large number of type-bars may be arranged forwardly of and below the printingpoint and'connected to an equal number of keys.

Other objects are to improve the mounting and arrangement of the type-bars, to provide novel typebar guides, to improve the connections between the type-bars and the keys, and to provide adjustable returning-springs for the keys. r i

A further object is to provide novel means for increasing the keys initial purchase upon the type-bars, so that the latter may be started easily by the keys, and for reducing the key leverage during the printing strokes, so as to speed the type-bars as they approach the platen.

My invention consists in certain combina tions of devices, features of construction, and arrangements of parts, all as will be hereinafter fullyset forth, and particularly-pointed out in the concluding claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central sectional elevation taken longitudinally of a front-strike writing-machine embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is aperspective view of a key-lever-returning spring, showing means for guiding and adjusting the same. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 show a key-lever link and bell-crank connection, whereby the key is given a great initial purchase and a de creased final purchase, the parts being shown at Fig. 3 in normal position. Fig. 4 shows the midway position, and Fig. 5 the position at the completion of the printing stroke. Fig. 6 isa perspective. view of one of the hangers in which the rear type-bars are pivoted. Fig. '7 is a perspective view of one of the hangers in which the forward type-bars are pivoted.

Fig. 8 is a perspective View of a bell-crank,- together with its hanger or bracket. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a turnbuckle employed at the junction of the key-lever with its vertical connecting-rod. Fig. 10 is a front sectional elevation taken just forward of the type-bar connections. Fig. 11 is a plan of the machine.

In the several views portions are omitted or broken away for the sake of clearness and similar parts are indicated by similar numerals of reference. v

The rectangular base of the machine is designated by 1 and carries opposite side posts 2, between which is suspended a type-bar segment 3, as well as forward andlrear segmental plates 4 and 5 for supporting a system of type-bar-operatin g levers. The type-bar segment 3 is secured upon the inner ends of overhanging arms 6, which are fastened by screws 7 upon the topsof the posts 2. The segmental plates 4 and 5, which are of much larger outline than the type-bar segment and lie below or without the latter, are secured by screws 8 to the upper portions ofthe posts 2, which are recessed at 2 to admit the ends of the plates, the latter being also secured by screws 9 to the outer portions of the arms 6, the whole forming a rigid framework. As will be seen at Fig. 10, considerable vertical space is left between the type-bar segment and the pair of outer plates, this space being occupied by certain portions of the type-bars, hangers, 85c.

Upon the rear vertical face of the segment 3 are secured the bases 10 of a series of hangers, having perforations 11 for receiving forwardly-directed screws 12, which are tapped into the segment. The forked hanger-arms 13 are perforated to receive the pivots of forwardly-extending type-bars 14, which are adapted to strike rearwardly upon a platen 15. Preferably a stiffening-block 16, secured by rivets l7, fills the space between the opposite arms of each hanger,which may also be connected by a rivet L8. Said arms are arranged at right angles to the base 10 and extend forwardly past the outer edge of the segment, Fig. 1, the base of the hanger being between said arms and the printing-center.

final portion of the printing stroke, so that 4o The type-bars are pivoted in a vertical plane forwardlyof the segment 3. Each type-bar hub is formed with a series of gear-teeth 19, which mesh with pin-teeth 20, carried by the upwardly-extending arm 21 of a bell-crank, which is pivoted at 22 in a bracket 23, the latter being secured by a screw 24 upon the forward vertical face of the rear curved plate 5. A forwardly-extending arm 25 of the bell- .crank is connected by a downwardly-extending link 26 to a key-lever 27 of the second order, which is arranged in the base of the machine and carries at its forward end a key 28 and bears at its rear end upon a transverse fulcrum-bar 29, formed integral with the base.

Upon the forward vertical face of the segment 3 is secured a second set of folded sheetmetal hangers, comprising base'portions 30 and forwardlyextending forked arms 31, which are perforated to receive the pivots of a forward set of type-bars 32, which are connected by bell-cranks 33 and links 34 to levers 27, pivoted'upon a second transverse fulcrum-bar 35, the bell-cranks 33 being mounted upon the forward curved plate or frame 4 and being similar to the bell-cranks in the rear set. A filling-block 36 is secured by rivets 37 between the base portions of the hangerarms 31, and the latter may also be connected by a rivet 38. Each hanger is secured to the segmental plate 4 by a rearwardly-directedscrew39, which is tapped into the segment 3, the head of the screw catching over the edges of the hanger. At the fold of the hanger the metal is extended forwardly at 40 and slotted at 41 to form a guide for the type-bar, the latter entering said slot at the the type is directed accurately to the printing-center. It will be seen that the base portion of the hanger lies between the type-barpivot-supporting arms and the-printing-center. The type-bars 14in the rear set work between the hangers in the forward set and at the final portion of the printing stroke engage radial guiding-slots 42, formed in the front vertical face of a segmental bar 43, which is secured by screws 44 upon the inner flanged edge of the segment 3. Said bar may also be perforated at 45, the perforations forming front-to-rear enlargements of the slots 42, Fig. 10, whereby the bearing-surface of the latter is reduced, and hence liability of friction or binding is minimized. The bellcranks of each set have substantially horizontal axes and are arranged in ascending series at either side ofthe center of the system, the length of-the bearings gradually increasing at the sides of the system and the upwardly-extending bell-crank arms being more and more offset, as illustrated at Fig. 10,

soas to afford sufficient room for the overlapping of; the arms at the sides of the system. Theaxes or shafts of the bell-cranks are arranged in overlapping order. The system of type-bars is much narrower than the system of key-levers, the difference being made up partially by offsetting the bell-crank arms at the sides of the system and pal tially by lengthening the bearings of the bellcranks, so that the connecting-rods to the key-levers are enabled to stand vertically, thus transmitting power from the key-levers to the bell-cranks in a direct manner and without cramping or binding. At the middle of the system the bell-cranks, whose arms are but little offset, are provided with short bearings, while at the sides of the system, where the arms are more offset, the bearings are correspondingly lengthened, so as to avoid cramping by reasonof the offsetting of the arms. Each bell-crank is provided with a curved grooved portion or segment 46 to receive the cross pins or teeth 20, the latter being disposed at gradually-increasing angles to the bell-crank axes as the sides of the segment are approached and forming bevel-gears. Thetype-bar gears 19 are beveled to correspond, the hub of each type-bar being cupped, so as to give its teeth the proper direction for matching the inclination of the bell-crank teeth. The lower end of each connecting-rod 26 and 34 is tapped into the enlarged upper end 47 of a turnbuckle, whose lower end is provided with a laterally-projecting pin 48, which is preferably formed integral with the turnbuckle and engages a perforated car 49, extending upwardly from the key-lever. The turnbuckle is confined between said ear and a sheet-metal springkeeper 50, the lower end whereof is'riveted to the key-lever at 51. By springing apart the keeper and the ear the turnbuckle may be detached and adjustment effected longitudinally of the connecting-rod. The typebars in the rear setare connected to short keylevers which bear upon the forward fulcrumbar 29,'said key-levers having keys at the rear portion of the keyboard, and the typebars 32 in the forward set are connected to long key-levers fulcrumed upon the rear bar 35 and having keys at the forward portion of the keyboard. By this arrangement I secure substantially uniform depression of the keys.

Upon the under edge of each key-lever and at the rear end thereof is secured by rivets 52 a forwardly-extending spring 53, which is bent down at 54 and back at 55 to form a loop the free end whereof is placed in one of a series.

of guide-slots 56, formed upon the upper edges ofa pair of plates 57,secured by screws 58 upon the opposite sides of bars 59, extending transversely beneath the key-levers and attached The tension of to the side walls of the base. the springs is adjusted by means of screws 60, one for each spring, said screws being tapped into the bar 59 and bearing against the spring-arms 55 between the combs 56. The spring-arms 55 extend in a direction which is nearly radial to the fulcrums of the levers, so that during the vibration of the lat-- IIO . spring-arms to move or press only at right angles to the direction ofv their length, there being little or no tendency to slide longitudinally upon their screw-abutmen ts, thus avoiding friction. The bar 59, screws 60, i and comb-plates 57 occupy oblique positions at.

Fig. 1, being arranged substantially at right angles to the spring-arms 55. The springs upon the rear set of key-levers are arranged in rear of those in the forward set, and a separate bearing and guide-bar are provided therefor.

Extending transversely beneath the keylevers is a universalbar 61, which is connected by links 62 to a rocker 63, having feedingdogs 64 65, which cooperatewith a rack 66, connected to the platen 15, as usual. The forward ends of the type-bars rest upon pads 67, carried by a framing 68, which is supported upon the base. The forward ends of the key-levers are guided by a transverse comb 69, which extends along the middle portion of the keyboard and is secured at its ends by screws 69 to the base. Upon the depression of any key-lever the associated bell-crankis rocked by the connecting-link, and bymeans of the bevel-gearing the type-bar is swung rearwardly against the platen. At the same time the universal bar is carried down and the spacing mechanism actuated. Upon the relief of the key from pressure the parts return to normal position. under the influence of the spring 53 and the usual dog-rocker spring. (Not shown.) It will be seen that power is communicated from the key-lever to the type-bar by means of simple and directlyacting parts and that there is no liability of cramping action at any point. Owing to the arrangement of the type-bars in two rows or sets room is secured for the type-bar bearings and connections, and at the same time the type ends of the bars, being staggered, are enabled.

to lie close together, and hence short bars, which are therefore comparatively light, may be employed, thereby attaining the wellknown advantages which accrue from the em-' ployment of short type-bars.

Referring now to Figs. 3,4, and 5, it Will be seen that the forwardly-extending arm 25 of the bell-crank is provided with two fixed projecting pins 70 and 71, the latter being ar ranged between the former and the axis of the bell-crank, while the upper end of each of the links, as 26 and 34, is provided with a forked head 72, which is slotted at 73 to engage the .pin 70 and also at 74 toengage the pin 71. tively engaged by the upper end of the slot 73, so that atthe initial portion of the printing stroke the link 26, and hence the key, has a long leverage upon the bell-crank and type-- bar, thus enabling the type-bar to be started easily. The slot 74 may work idly upon the pin 71, said slot being cut concentrically with the pin 70at thenormal position of the lat-.

ter. During the first part of the key-stroke Normally the forward pin 70 is operathe link 26 and head 72 descend together with or at the same speed as the pin 70,andl hence the top end of the slot 74 is enabled to overtake the slowly-moving pin 71, so that when the printing stroke is about half completed the upper end wall of said slot 74 positively engages said pin and thereafter operates the bell-crank and type-bar, while the pin 70 plays idly in the slot 73, the latter being cut concentrically with the pin 71 at the Fi 4 position of the latter. As the pin 71 is much nearer than the pin 70 to the pivot of the bellcrank, the key leverage is greatly decreased, and hence the resistance to the movement of the key is increased at the terminal portion of the printing stroke, thus cushioning the downward stroke of the operators hand and preventing undue shock to the finger at the completion of the keystroke, while at the same time the speed of thetype-bar is accelerated, and hence a powerful impression of the type upon the paper is insured.

It Will'be seen that the rearwardly-striking type-bars are engaged directly to outlying key-operated bell cranks having substantially parallel or horizontal axes which are mounted in ascending series, beginning at the middle of the machine, and have at their inner ends upwardly-extending overlapping toothed arms geared to the toothed type-bar hubs; that the key-levers extend rearwardly beneath the type-bars and bell-cranks; that the type-bars at the sides of the system are connected to their keys by means of bell cranks having overlapped axes;that the width of each group or set of bell-cranks is greater than the width of the system of type-bars;

that the bell cranks are of substantially uniform size-that is to say, their upwardlyextending arms are of substantially equal length and their forwardly-extending arms are also of substantially equal length, although their bearings are of different lengths; that the type-bar-engaging arms of the bell-cranks at the sides of the system are ofiset and that these bell-cranks have prolonged hearings or shafts and are mounted at grad ually-increasing distances from their type-bars; that the bell-crank brackets are attached in ascending series to frames or curved plates'which are disposed beneath or outwardly from the typebar segment; that the axes of nearly all of the bell-cranks or operating-levers have an angular arrangement with respect to the axes of their associated type-bars and-that they also have grooves in which are inserted transverse pins for meshing with the teeth upon the type-bar hubs; thatthe pivots of the typebars in one set are in a different vertical plane from the pivots of the type-bars in the other set; that the bases of all of the hangers for the type-bars extend inwardly in a ra- Idial direction toward the printing-center,Fig. 10; that the pivots of the type-bars in each set are in substantially the same vertical plane as the pivots of their associated bellcranks; that the typc-bars mounted in the 'rjear hangers work between the forward hangthe inner edge of the type-bar segment, is provided with guiding-recesses 42, which are engaged by the type-bars between their pivots and types; that guiding-slots 41 are formed in the base portions of the forward hangers and are engaged by the'forward type-bars between their pivots and types; that each of the folded sheet-metal hangers in the forward set has a filling-block between its ends, a space being left between the base of the hanger for the fastening-screw and a space also being left at the other or outer end of the hanger for receiving the type-bar hub, the type-bar-oarrying arms extending angularly from the base of the hanger and the filling-block being secured between the base portions of said arms; that the axes of the bell-cranks in one set are substantially parallel with the axes of the bell-cranks in the other set; that two transverse rows of vertical connections extend from the bellcranks tothe key-levers, the latter being substantially parallel; that one set of key-levers is fulcrumed or pivoted in rear of the levers in the other set and connected to the bellcranks which are geared directly to one set of type-bars and that the other key-levers are connected to the bell-cranks which are geared directly to the other set of type-bars;

that the short key-levers having the forward fulcrums or pivots are provided with keys at the rear portion of the keyboard and are connected to the bell-cranks in the rear set;

that the long key-levers having the rear fulcrums or bearings are provided with keys at the forward portion of the keyboard and connected to the, forward type-bars; that each loop-spring is fixed at one end to its key-1ever and at the other end bears against an adjustable abutment, the loop lying between the lever and the abutment and working in the plane of the lover, a device being provided to guide the free or unattached end .of'the loop, said device being in the form of a comb which extends alonga transverse bar carrying adjustable abutment screws that in the preferred form of connection from the key to the type a pivoted arm 25 is connected to the type, pins and 71 are fixed upon said arms at different distances from its, pivot, and a link 26 or 34 is provided at its upper end with a slotted head 72 for-engaging said pins in succession; that the link engages the arm 25 at different points, so as to decrease the key-leverage during the printving stroke, or, in other words, said link has a leverage-decreasing or leverage-changing connection with the bell-crank or sublever. Portions of my improvements may be used without others, and many changes may be made within the scope of the invention.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1; In a'type-writing machine, the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking typebars having toothed hubs, and a series of outlying key-operated toothed bell-cranks having parallel axes and geared directly to the type-bar hubs. f 2. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, and a series of key-operated toothed bell-cranks having horizontal axes and mounted in ascending series, and having at their inner ends upwardly-extending overlapping toothed arms geared directly to the type-bar hubs.

3. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking typebars having toothed hubs, a series of key-levers extending rearwardly beneath the typebars, a series of bell-cranks having horizontal axes and arranged in ascending series, said bell cranks having upwardly extending toothed arms which are geared directly to said type-bar hubs, and connections extending upwardly from said key-levers to said bell-cranks.

4. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, a series of keys, and a series of bell-cranks connected to the keys and having horizontal axes arranged in ascending series, the axes at the lower portion of the bell-crank system being disposed end to end, and those at the sides of the system overlapping one another, said bell-cranks having upwardly-extending arms which are geared directly to the type-bar hubs.

5. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a system of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, and a series of keys connected thereto, the type-bars at the sides of the system being connected to their keys by means of toothed bell-cranks having overlapping axes and geared directly to the type-bar hubs.

6. In a front-strike writingmachine, the combination of a system of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, a group or series of outlying bell-cranks, the width of the group of belLcranks being greater than the width of the system of type-bars and each bell-crank engaging directly the toothed hub of a type-bar, said bell-cranks being of substantially uniform size and having substantially parallel pivots, and the type-bar-engaging arms of the bell-cranks at the sides of the system being offset, and a series of key-levers connected to said bell-cranks.

7. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a segment, a series of rear wardly-striking type-bars mounted thereon and having toothed hubs, a series of outlying bell-cranks of substantially uniform size and having horizontal axes, a series of key-levers BXliOl'ldlllQ rearwardly beneath said bellcranks, each bell-crank being directly connected to the toothed hub of a type-bar, and linksextending upwardly from said key-levers to said bell-cranks.

8. In a front-strike writing-machine, the

combination of a rearwardly-striking typebar having a toothed hub, and a key-operated bell-crank having a prolonged axis or shaft and also having an inwardly-offset arm which is geared directly to the type-bar hub.

S). In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a system of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, and a series of outlying bell-cranks having horizontal axes and pivoted in ascending series, the bellcranks at the sides of the system being mounted at gradually-increasing distances from their type-bars and having upwardly-extending arms which are correspondingly offset, said arms being geared directly. to the type: bar hubs.

10. Ina type-writingmachine,the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking typebars, a segment upon which said type-bars are mounted, an outlying frame, and a series of bell-cranks having parallel axes mounted in ascending series upon said frame and directly gearing with said type-bars.

11. In a front-strike writing-machine, the

combination of a series of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, a segment upon which said type-bars are mounted, an outlying frame, a series of toothed bell-cranks having horizontal axes and directly geared to hubs have bevel-gears, and a series of upright.

operating-levers having substantially parallel axes arranged in dilferent horizontal planes, said levers having bevel-gears which mesh with said type-bar gears.

14. In a type-writing machiue,the combination of a series of type-bars whose hubs have bevel-gears thereon, a series of parallel bellcrank operating-levers provided with offsetgears in mesh with said type-bar gears, and

independent key-levers operatively'connected to said bell-crank operating-levers. 15. Inatype-writingmachinedhecombination of a type-bar having a toothed hub, an operating-lever having a grooved portion, and a series of pins set into and extending across the grooved portion of said operating lever for meshing with the teeth in the typebar hub.

16. In a type-writing machine,the combination of a type-bar having a cupped hub, teeth formedupon said hub, and an operating-lever having an axis at an angle to the type-bar axis and also having a groove in which is inserted a series of transverse pins for meshing with the teeth upon the type-bar hub 17. Inatype-writingmachine,the combination of a segment, two sets of hangers, the bases. of which are secured upon opposite sides of said segment, and type-bars mounted in said hangers, the pivots of the type-bars in one set being in a different plane from the pivots of the type-bars in the other set, and the bases of all of saidhangers extendinginwardly from the arms which support the typebar pivots toward the printing-center.

18. Inatype-writing machine,thecombination of asegment, two sets of hangers mounted upon opposite sides of said segment, the hangers of one set being staggered with relation to the hangers of the other set, and typebars mounted in said hangers, the pivots of the type-bars in one set being in a different vertical plane from but in the same horizontal plane as the pivots of the type-bars in the other set, the bases of all of the hangers extending inwardly toward the printing-center, and the type-bars mounted in one set of hangers working between the hangers in the other set.

19. Inatype-writingmachine,thecombination of a segment having vertically-disposed parallel faces, a set ofelbow-hangers mounted upon one side or face of said segment and overhanging the outer edge thereof, type-bars pivoted in said hangers, a set. of hangers mounted upon the other side or face of said segment, and type-bars mounted in the second set of hangers, the bases of all of said hangers extending inwardly from the typebar pivots.

20. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a segment having verticallydisposed parallel faces,a set of hangers mounted upon the front face thereof, forwardly-extending type-bars pivoted in said hangers,a

second set of hangers mounted upon the rear face of said segment, and forwardly-extending type-bars mounted in said second set of hangers, the bases of all of said hangers extending inwardly from the type-bar pivots, and the type-bars in the rear set working between the hangers of the forward set,

21. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination olavertically-disposed segment,

a set of hangers mounted upon the frontface thereof, forwardly-extending type-bars pivoted in said hangers, a set of elbow-hangers hangers.

22. Ina type-writing machine,the combination of a segment, two sets of hangers secured upon the opposite faces thereof fore and aft of the machine by oppositely-directed screws, and type-bars mounted in said hangers, the bases of all of said hangers extending inwardly toward the printing-center.

23. In afront-strike machine, the combination of asegment having parallel faces, a set of hangers secured upon the rear face thereof, a second set of hangers secured upon the front face thereof,each of said hangers havin g both a forwardly-extending type-bar-bearing portion and also a base portion which extends radially inward therefrom, the bases of the two sets of hangers being parallel, and type-bars pivoted in said hangers.

. 24. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a segment having vertically-disposed parallel faces, a set of hangers which are spaced apart, type-bars pivoted thereto, a second set of hangers arranged to alternate with said spaced hangers and secured to the rear face of the segment, arms on said second set of hangers which extend forwardly past the outer edge of the segment and type-bars which are pivoted to said arms and are adapted to Work between said spaced hangers.

25. In a type writing machine,the combinationof a segment, a series of type-bars pivotally mounted thereon, a curved bar secured upon the inner edge of said segment, perforations formed in said bar, and guiding-slots also formed in said bar at said perforations, said type-bars engaging said guiding-slots at points between their pivots and types.

26. In a type-writing machine,the combination of a segment, a series of hangers mounted upon the rear face thereof and having arms which project forwardly beyond the forward face of said segment and carry type-bars at I their forward ends, and a bar secured to the inner edge of said segment and having guiding-slots which are engaged by the type-bars at points between their pivots and types.

27. Inatype-writingmachine,thecombination of type-bars whose hubs have gears thereon, operating-levers having progressively-increasing bends and gearing with said typebar gears, and the pivots of the operating-levers being progressively elongated.

28. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a segment,'a series of radiating hangers fastened thereto by screws, said hangers having forwardly-extending arms in which type-bars are pivoted, and independent projections extending from said hangers with guiding-slots formed in said projections and engaged by the type-bars between their pivots and types.

29'. In a front-strike writing-machine, the

combination of a segment, a set of hangers fastened upon the rear face thereof and having arms which extend forwardly and carry pivoted type-bars at their forward ends, a bar secured upon the inner edge of said segment and having guiding-slots which are engaged by said type-bars at points between their pivots and types, a set of hangers fastened upon the forward face of said segment and having forwardly-extending arms which carry pivoted type-bars, the said arms being more remote from the printing-point than the bases of the hangers, and guiding-slots formed upon the bases of said hangers and engaged by the forward type-bars between theirpivots and types, the type-bars in the rear set working between the hangers in the forward set.

30. A folded sheet-metal forked type-bar hanger having a filling-block between its ends, a space being left at the base end of the hanger for a fastening-screw, and a space being also left at theother end of the hanger for receiving the hub of the type-bar.

31. A folded sheetmetal forked hanger having a base, and also having type-bar-carrying arms extending angularly from said base,'a filling-block being secured between the base portions of said arms.

32. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of two sets of alternating typebars striking rearwardly at a common center, the type-bars in one set being pivoted forwardly of the type-bars in the other set, and two sets of upwardly-extending key-operated levers having horizontal axes situated in different vertical planes and engaging said typebars.

33. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of two sets of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs and printing at a common center, the type-bars in one set being pivoted forwardly of the type-bars in the other set, and two sets of pivoted keyactuated bell-cranks, the pivots of each set being parallel one with the other, and said bell-cranks being geared directly to said typebar hubs.

34. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of two sets of type-bars striking rearwardly at a common center, the typebars in one set being pivoted forwardly of the type-bars in the other set, two sets of bell-cranks directly geared to said type-bars, a system of key-levers extending rearwardly beneath said bell-cranks, the pivots of each set of bell-cranks being progressively elongated, and two rows of connectionsvextending fromIsaid bell-cranks to said key-levers.

35. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a segment, two sets of typebars pivoted thereon and striking rearwardly ata common center, one set being pivoted forwardly of the other set, two sets of bell-cranks directly geared to said type-bars, a system of parallel key-levers extending rearwardly beneath the bell-cranks, and two transverse rows of vertical connections extending from said bell-cranks to said key-levers.

36. In a front-strike type-writiugmachine, the combination of pivoted type-bars segmentally arranged, a series of bell-cran k levers segmentally arranged and operatively connected to said type-bars, and a series of key-levers operatively connected to said hellcranks, the vertical arms of the bell-cranks having progressively-increasing bends from the middle of the segment upward, and the pivots of the bell-cranks progressively increasing in length from the middle of the segment upward.

37. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a system of key-levers, two sets of alternating type-bars striking rearwardly at a common center, one set pivoted forwardly of the other, a set of bell-cranks having horizontal axes and geared directlyto the type-bars in the forward set, connections extending downwardly from said bell-cranks to their key-levers, a second set of bell-cran ks having horizontal axes and geared directlyto the type-bars in the rear set, and connections arranged in rear of the forward set of bellcranks and extending down from the rear bell-cran ks to their key-levers, the bell-cran ks in each set being arranged in asccndingseries.

38. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of two sets of alternating typebars striking rearwardly at a common center, two sets of pivotal supports for said type-bars mounted in two vertical planes, two sets of key-operated bellcranks geared directly to the type-bars and situated in substantially the same vertical planes as the pivots of the type-bars, and two sets of fixed brackets in which said bell-cranks are pivoted, the pivots of the bell-cranks of each set being parallel with each other and progressively elongated.

39. Inatype-writingmachine,thecombination of asegment, two sets of alternating typebars pivotally mounted thereon, and two outlying plates each carrying a set of bell-cranks directly engaging the type-bars.

40. Inatype-writing machine, the combination ofa segment, two sets of hangersthereon,

type-bars having toothed hubs and mounted in said hangers, the pivots of one set of hangers being in a different plane from the pivots of the other set of hangers, the bases of all of the hangers extending inwardly from their pivots toward the printing-center, and the type-bars in one set of hangers working be: tween thehangers of the other set, and two sets of bell-cranks mounted in individual hangers and directly engaging said type-bar hubs, the axes of said bell-cranks being substantially parallel.

41. In a front-strike writing-machine, the.

the bases of all of said hangers extending inwardly from the type-bar pivots, two sets of bell-cranks of nearly uniform size and having horizontal axes and geared directly to said type-bar hubs, and keys connected to said bell-cranks.

42. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a system of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, and two sets of outlying key-operated toothed bell-cran ks each set having pivots which are parallel with one another, said bellcranks being geared directly to the type-bar hubs, the pivots of one set of bell-cranks being in a different plane from the pivots of the other set.

43. In a front'strike writing-machine, the combination of a system of'rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, and two sets of key-operated toothed bell-cranks having horizontal axes mounted in ascending series and having at their inner ends upwardlyextehding overlapping toothed arms geared directly to the type-bar hubs, the pivots of one set of bellcranks lying in a different plane from the pivots of the other set.

44. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a system of rearwardly-st.riking type-bars having toothed hubs, a system of horizontal key-levers lying side by side and extending rearwardly beneath the type-bars, twosetsof bell-cranks having horizontal axes and arranged below the type-bars, said bellcranks having upwardly-extending toothed arms which are geared directly to the type-bar hubs, and two rows of connections extending upwardly from said key-levers to said bellcranks.

45. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a system of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, twosets of outlying bell-cranks having toothed arms to engage said hubs, the width of each set of bell-cranks being greater than the width of the system of type-bars and said bell-cranks being of substantially uniform size and having substantially parallel pivots,the type-barengaging arms of some of the bell-cranks being ofifset, and a system of key-levers connected to said bell-cranks.

46. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a segment, two sets of typebars mounted in different vertical planes thereon and having toothedhubs and stri ing rearwardly at a common printing-cent two sets of outlying bell-cranks geared tog y hubs and of substantially uniformlxsizerand having horizontal axes, the saidsets oiii bell-cranks cooperating with said setsoi l' typ bars and each set of bell-cranks beimgfij lated in substantially the same plane flasl the plane of the pivots of the cooper-at g e Of type-bars, a system of key-levers xtending rearwardl y beneath said,loeih cran'ks, and links extending upward iy from said key-1evers to said bell-cranks. i

47. In a front-strik j'writing-machine, the combination of a sys'ttemof rearwardly-smile ing type-bars having toothed hubs, a segment u pon which said type-bars are mounted, two

sets of brackets fixed upon an outlying framing, bell-cran ks mounted in said brackets and directly geared to said type-bar hubs, said bell-cranks having horizontal axes, and the axes of one set being in a different plane from the axes of the other set, and keys connected to said bell-cranks.

48. In a type-writing machine, the combination of two separate series of type-bars pivoted in different vertical planes and whose hubs have bevel-gears, two sets of operatinglevers having substantially parallel axes, I I5 one set of operating-levers foreach set of typebars, said levers having bevel-gears in mesh with said type-bar gears and independent key-levers for actuating said operating-levers. 49. In a front-strike type-writing machine,

the combination of two separate series of type-bars whose hubs have bevel-gears cut thereon, two sets of operating-levers having progressively-increasing bends and gearing with said type-bar gears, the pivots of each 2 5 set of operating-levers being progressively elongated, and independent key-levers for actuating said operating-levers.

50. In a front-strike writing-machine, the

I combination of two sets of type-bars'pivoted to strike at a common center, two sets of keylevers, the levers in one set beingfulcrumed in rear of the levers in the other set, a set of bell-cranks geared directly to one set of typebars and connected to one set of key-levers,

and a set of bell-cranks geared directly to the other set of type-bars and connected to the other set of key-levers.

51. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of two sets of type-bars pivoted 0 so as to strike rearwardly to a common center, two sets of key-levers, one set of said key-levers being fulcrumed in rear of the 7 other set, a set of intermediate levers connected to one set of type-bars and one set of key-levers, and a separate set of intermediate levers connected to the other set of typebars and the other set of key-levers.

52. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of two sets of type-bars pivoted 5oto strike at a common center, the type-bars in one set being pivoted in rear of the typebars in the other set, two sets of key-levers, thekey-levers of one set having bearings forardly of the key-levers in the other set and caring keys at the rear portion of the keyard,zthe other set of key-levers bearing 'ejvsatthe front portion of the keyboard, a s of bell-cranks geared directly to the typen, the forward set and connected to the vers having the forward bearings, and ll-cranks arranged in rear of the tinned "set and geareddirectly to the t of "type-bars and connected to the keyrs havi'ngtthe rear bearings. 53. It}- a fron't-sti rike writing-machine, the combination of a sys, em of type-bars, two sets of bell-cranks con -ed thereto, the bellat one end to said lever and directed oleliqnely therefrom, and an abutment against which the other end of the loop bears, the loop lying between said lever and said abutment, and working in the plane of the lever.

55. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, an operating-lever therefor, a loop-spring secured at one end to said lever, an abutment against which the free end of the loop bears, said loop lying between the abutment and the lever, and a-device at said abutment for guiding the free end of said loop.

56. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, an operating-lever therefor, a loop-spring secured at one end to said lever, an adjustable abutment against which the free end of the loop bears, said loop lying between the abutment and the lever, and a device at said abutment for engaging the free end of said loop.

'57. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of types, of a series of operating-levers, a fixed bar extending transversely of saidlevers, a comb extending along said bar, a series of springs fixed to said levers and engaging said comb, and a series of screws tapped into said bar and bearing against the free ends of said springs for adjusting the tension of the latter.

58. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of types, a series of key-levers connected thereto, a bar arranged trans versely beneath the key-levers, a series of loop-springs fixed at their ends to said keylevers and extending to said bar, a comb arranged along said bar and engaged by the free ends of said springs,and a series of screws tapped into said bar and bearing against the free ends of said springs for adjusting the tension of the latter.

59. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of types, a series of key-levers connected thereto, a bar extending transversely beneath said key levers, inclined combs secured upon opposite faces of said bar, loop-springs fixed upon the bottom edges of said levers and extending obliquely therefrom and engaging said combs, and a series of screws tapped into said bar and bearing against said springs for adjusting the tension of the latter.

60. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of types, a series of operating-levers therefor, a series of loop-springs lIS secured upon said levers, and means for adjusting the free ends of said springs.

61. In a type-writing machine, the eombination of a type-bar,a key-lever,an ear formed upon said key-lever, a yielding keeper'riveted to said key-lever and extending alongside of said car, a turnbuckle detachably secured between said ear and said keeper, and a typebar-connecting rod threaded into said turnbuckle.

62. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type, a pivoted arm connected thereto, pins fixed upon said arm at different distances from its pivot, a link having at its upper end a slotted head for engaging said pins in succession, and a key-lever connected to the lower end of said link.

63. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a rearwardly-striking typebar, a bell-crank connected thereto, a keylever, and a connecting-rod extending from said key-lever to said bell-crank for engaging the latter at different points so as to decrease the key-leverage during the printing stroke.

64. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a rearwardly-striking typebar, abell-crank directly geared thereto, pins arranged at different distances from the pivot of said bell-crank, a link having a slotted head for engaging said pins in succession during the printing stroke, and a key-lever to which said link is attached.

65. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type, an arm 25 for operating said type, pins on said arm, pins 71 arranged between the said pins 70 and the pivot of the arm, link 26 having heads 72, slots 73 in said head adapted to engage pins 70 at the initial portion of the printing stroke, a slot '74 in said head adapted to engage pins 70 during the completion of the printing stroke, and a key-lever to which said link is attached.

66. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking type-bars, a series of bel-cranks connected thereto and having horizontal axes, a series of key-levers extending rearwardly beneath said bell-cranks, a series of links extending upwardly from the key-levers and each provided with slots 73 and 74', and pins 70 and 71 arranged upon the bell-crank arms for engagement with the slots.

67. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking type-bars having toothed hubs, a series of bell-cranks directly engaging said toothed hubs, a series of key-levers extending rearwardly beneath the bell-cranks, and a series of rods attached to the key-levers and having a leverage decreasing connection with said bell-cranks.

68. In a type-writing machine, the combination of aseries of rearwardly-striking typebars having toothed hubs, a series of hellcranks geared directly to said hubs, a series of keys, and means fordecreasing the leverage of the keys upon the bell-cranks during the printing strokes.

69. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of rearwardly-striking typebars, a series of key-levers, a series of sublevers arranged between the type-bars and the key-levers, and a series of links connect ing the key-levers to the sublevers and having a leverage-changing connection to the latter.

70. In a front-strike writingmachine, the combination of a platen, a segment, a setof hangers fastened upon the rear vertical face of said segment and extending forwardly beyond the front vertical face thereof, a set of type-bars pivoted in the hangers, a set of bell-cranks pivoted in substantially the same vertical plane as said type-bars, a second set of hangers fastened upon the front face of said segment and extending forwardly therefrom, a set of type-bars pivoted in said second set of hangers, a second set of bell-cranks pivoted in substantially thesame plane as said second set of type-bars, and kOy-IGYBIS extending rearwardlybeneath all of the bellcranks and connected thereto.

71. In afront-strike writing-machine, the combination of a platen, a segment, a set of hangers fastened upon its rear face and extending forwardly past its outer edge, a set of rearWardly-striking type-bars pivoted in the forward ends of said hangers, a set of bell-cranks directly engaged to said typebars and pivoted in substantially the same vertical plane, a plate upon which said bellcranks are supported by means of brackets, a second set of hangers fastened upon the front Vertical face of said segment and extending forwardly therefrom, a second set of type-bars pivoted in said second set of hangers, a setof bell-cranks directly engaging said second set of type-bars and pivoted in substantially the same vertical plane, a second plate upon which said second set of hellcranks is supported by means of brackets,

key-levers extending rearwardly beneath the IIO bell-cranks, and links connecting all the bell cranks to the key-levers. Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York and State ofNew York, this 26th day of April, A. D. 1901.

EDWIN l3. ORAM. Witnesses:

K. V. DONOVAN, E. M. WnLLs. 

